at Kullanımı: de, da, ye, ya, e, a
at İngilizcede zaman edatı olarak saatlerle birlikte kullanılır.
- I will see you at 4:15.
Seninle saat 4:15’de görüşeceğim. - The plane leaves at six.
Uçak saat 6’da kalkacak. - Call me at lunchtime.
Beni öğlen vaktinde ara. (lucnhtime: yemek vakti anlamına da gelir.)
Önemli: Zaman ile ilgili soru sorarken şu yanlışı yapmayalım:
At what time …?
Bu şekilde sorulmaz. Doğrusu şöyledir:
What time …?
on Kullanımı: üstünde, üzerinde, de, e doğru, yönünde, ile, civarında, esnasında
Zaman edatı olarak on, günlerde, tarihlerde ve Monday morning, Friday afternoon gibi ifadelerde kullanılır.
- I’ll be at home on Tuesday.
Salı günü evde olacağım. - The meeting’s on June 23rd.
Toplantı haziranın 23’ünde yapılacak. - I had to work on Christmas Day.
Noel gününde de çalışmalıyım. - We get up late on Sundays.
Pazar günü geç kalkarız. - I’m always sleepy on Monday mornings.
Pazartesi sabahları daima uykulu olurum.
Aşağıdaki örnek cümlelerde at ve on zaman edatlarının kullanımlarını inceleyelim:
- What are you doing on Saturday?
- Can you wake me at 6:30?
- The classes start on September 8th.
- I’ll be at work late on Tuesday morning.
- I have my guitar lessons at 10:00 on Wednesdays.
- She got married on Easter Monday.
- My new job starts on April 17th.
- Can we meet at lunchtime on Tuesday?
In Kullanımı: de, da, içinde, içine, halinde, olarak, içeriye, içeri
In edatı, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening ile birlikte kullanılır.
Önemli: night ile birlikte in kullanılmaz, at kullanılır: At night
In edatı, haftaları, mevsimleri, ayları, yılları ve yüzyılları söylerken kullanılır.
- We’re going to Denmark in the first week of May.
- I always get unhappy in the winter.
- Shakespeare died in 1616.
- There were terrible wars in the 17th century.
- My birthday’s in March.
Bunların yanında at the weekend, at Christmas, at Easter kullanımları da vardır.
- What are you doing at the weekend?
- Did you go away at Christmas?
Aşağıdaki örneklerde in, at ve on kullanımlarını inceleyelim:
- We all went to Wales at the weekend.
- I usually go skiing in February.
- She finished school in 1996.
- My mother usually comes to stay in Christmas.
- I don’t like driving at night.
- Our garden looks wonderful in the spring.
- I usually stop work at 5:00 in the afternoon.
- I will finish university in June.
- I last saw her in 1998.
- I’m never hungry early in the morning.
Önemli: This, next, last ve every gibi genel ifadelerden önce preposition-edat kullanmayız.
- What are you doing this afternoon?
- Googbye. See you next week.
- Bill was here last Tuesday.
- We go on holiday to the same place every year.
Bir işin ne kadar sürede biteceğinden söz ederken in kullanırız.
- They built our house in three months.
- Your soup will be ready in ten minutes.
From … to, until ve by kullanımı:
Until ya da till (informal), “kadar, değin, dek” anlamlarına gelmektedir ve bir işin ne zaman biteceğini anlatmakta kullanılır.
- We played football until 5 o’clock.
- I will be in London till Thursday.
- It was a great party. We danced until six o’clock in the morning.
- I’m going to have a sandwich now. I can’t wait until/till lunchtime.
- Granny’s coming on Monday for a few days. She’s going to stay until/tillSaturday.
- When I was young, you had to go to school until/till the age of 14.
- I didn’t like the film, so I didn’t stay until/till the end.
- I’m doing a three-month computer course; it goes on until/till July.
From … to/until/till, bir olayın ya da durumun başlangıç ve bitiş zamanını verirken kullanırız.
- He read the paper from 7:30 to 8:30.
He read the paper from 7:30 until/till 8:30. - He washed the car from 8:00 to 9:00.
He washed the car from 8:00 until/till 9:00. - He played tennis from 10:00 to 11:00.
He played tennis from 10:00 until/till 11:00.
Eğer belli bir zaman diliminde bir eylemin gerçekleşmesini istiyorsak (o zamanı geçmemeli), until yerine by kullanırız.
- You can keep the car until Sunday.
(Araba pazar gününe kadar sende kalabilir.) - You really must bring it back by 12:00 on Sunday.
(Arabayı pazar günü en geç 12:00’da geri getirmelisin. Bundan önce de getirebilirsin.)
Aşağıdaki örnek cümlelere bakalım:
- This book must go back to the library by Tuesday.
- The film goes on until 9:30.
- Can you finish painting the room by Friday?
For, during ve while kullanımı:
For, bize olayın ya da durumun ne kadar sürdüğünü anlatırken kullanılır. During ise ne zaman olduğunu anlatırken.
- I slept for 20 minutes during the lesson.
(Derste 20 dakika uyudum.) - The journey lasted for three days.
- There was a rainstorm during the night.
- I lived in Mexico for six years.
- I got a headache during the examination.
- We visited Kyoto during our holiday in Japan.
- The electricity went off for two hours during afternoon.
- Alex and his wife met during the war.
During, preposition yani edat olarak kullanılır. During + isim
While ise bağlaç olarak kullanılır. While + özne + fiil.
- They got into the house during the night.
- They got into the house while I was asleep.
- He got ill during the jurnay.
- He got ill while he was travelling.
Aşağıdaki ifadelerin nasıl değiştiklerine dikkat edelim:
- during the meal (I/eat) .. while I was eating.
- while I was travelling (journey) .. during the journey.
- during the game (they/play) .. while they were playing.
- while we were listening (lesson) .. during the lesson.
- while they were fighting (war) .. during the war.
- during the conversation (they/talk) .. while they were talking.
Aşağıdaki örnek cümlelerde, for ile birlikte kullanılan faydalı bazı ifadeleri inceleyelim:
- They waited for a long time, but the bus didn’t come.
- I will love you for ever.
- Could I talk to you for a minute or two.
- I played tennis for a couple of hours and then went home.
- I went to sleep for a moment during the opera.
- They put him in prison for life.
